<p> <b>Już nie II RP, jeszcze nie PRL. Niezwykły reportaż o Polsce z 1945 roku</b> </p> <p>Kiedy angielski dżentelmen odwiedzał nasz kraj w 1934 roku, pisał: </p> <p><i>W Anglii zaskakująco mało wie się o Polsce, a przecież to kraj, który za chwilę może być uznany za mocarstwo </i>(…)<i> – to nie zwykły parweniusz, lecz naród z historią i z przyszłością </i>(…)<i>, liczy ponad 30 000 000 osób, ma energicznych i ambitnych przywódców [a jego] możliwości są niemal nieskończone. </i>(…)<i> W gruncie rzeczy sporo polskich problemów rozwiąże się samoistnie, gdy Polska zyska to, czego potrzebuje najbardziej – dwadzieścia lat pokoju.</i></p> <p>Gdy w 1939 roku Bernard Newman kończył kolejną ze swoich rowerowych wypraw, jego słowa niosły złowieszcze przesłanie:</p> <p> <i>Próbuję przewidzieć losy Polski – jestem pewien, że ten mężny kraj przetrwa, ale o ile pewne znaki nie są szalenie mylące, to nadchodzą dla niego czasy cierpienia, a może i rozpaczy. Polacy jednak to twardy naród: przez sto pięćdziesiąt lat dławiły ich Rosja, Niemcy i Austria, a oni pozostali Polakami. Hitler nie przywiązuje wagi do historii, ja zaś tak. Niewykluczone, że kiedy ta książka się ukaże, Polska będzie toczyć walkę na śmierć i życie – i przetrwa, bo jej duch jest niezniszczalny.</i> </p> <p>Nadchodzi rok 1945. Warszawskie zgliszcza dopalają się na jego oczach, a on, brytyjski szpieg, rowerzysta i pisarz, znów stawia stopy na polskiej ziemi…</p> <p> <b>Powyższy opis pochodzi od wydawcy.</b> </p>
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El año 1714 es fecha clave para un nacionalismo catalán que conmemora los trescientos años de la derrota del archiduque Carlos de Austria frente a Felipe de Borbón en su disputa por el trono de España. Ese año se ponía fin a la guerra de sucesión a la corona española, primera de las que con este carácter asolaron Europa en la centuria ilustrada y cuyas múltiples dimensiones ¿en primer término la internacional, al dirimirse la hegemonía europea¿ impiden definirla como un conflicto de entidades nacionales enfrentadas.
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Austria
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On the morning of the 19th of April, 1792, after weeks of stormy agitation in Paris, the Ministers of Louis XVI. brought down a letter from the King to the Legislative Assembly of France. The letter was brief but significant. It announced that the King intended to appear in the Hall of Assembly at noon on the following day. Though the letter did not disclose the object of the King's visit, it was known that Louis had given way to the pressure of his Ministry and the national cry for war, and that a declaration of war against Austria was the measure which the King was about to propose in person to the Assembly...
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The authors' analysis sheds light on Austria's foreign policy after the Second World war and offers insights into recent developments based on many years of experience in the diplomatic service. This book describes the most important issues of the Second Republic's foreign policy in a succinct yet captivating way and provides insight into diplomatic practice. It is aimed at readers who are interested in international issues in general and Austrian foreign policy in particular and offers a highly informative and thoroughly readable overview of the developments of the past decades - from the re-establishment of the Foreign Service and Austria's role in the Cold War to the changes that have taken place since Austria's accession to the EU. The book sheds light on Austria's relations with her direct neighbouring states, the ambivalent relationship with the USA and the effects of the collapse of the USSR. The authors have written this book based on many years of experience in the diplomatic service. With their analysis they aim to contribute to a better understanding of Austria's position in an international context. They do not just direct their gaze into the past but also into the present and future of Austria's foreign policy. Above all they take into account the fundamental changes that took place at the beginning of the 21st century - changes that have brought totally new challenges for Austria.
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AUSTRIA - 1998. If you think.
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SUBNATIONAL OR REGIONAL PARLIAMENTS with legislative competences are increasingly active in EU affairs and are recognized as POTENTIAL ACTORS IN THE EU'S MULTI-LEVEL SYSTEM BY EU LAW. However, studies on the territorial effects of European integration and on the Europeanization of parliaments as well as parliamentarism have so far disregarded this group of parliaments. In the existing theoretical concepts of 'multi-level parliamentarism' subnational parliaments do not have a place until now. The book addresses this theoretical and empirical gap. Referring TO STUDIES ON PARLIAMENTARISM, FEDERALISM, AND EUROPEANIZATION the contributions discuss how to include subnational parliaments in the existing research. A total of 74 subnational parliaments from eight member states is affected by the new system, which allows them to participate in the so-called Early Warning Mechanism of subsidiarity control. The situation in six EU member states is analyzed in detail. The country chapters illustrate and analyze how subnational parliaments in the federal member states (Austria, Belgium, Germany) and in the decentralized/devolved ones (Great Britain, Italy, Spain) functionally adapt to the new opportunity structure and discuss the repercussions on legislative-executive relations as well as on interparliamentary relations. With contributions from Gabriele Abels; Katrin Auel and Martin Große Hüttman; Peter Bursens, Frederic Maes and Matthias Vileyn; Peter Bußjäger; Josep-María Castellà Andreu and Mario Kölling; Ben Crum, Annegret Eppler; John Erik Fossum; Anna-Lena Högenauer; Sabine Kropp; Robert Ladrech; Erik Miklin; Matteo Nicolini; Werner J. Patzelt; Tapio Raunio; Werner Reutter; Gerhard Stahl and Bert Kuby; Gracia Vara Arribas.
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European challenges call for European responses. The spread of extremist and xenophobic attitudes and the proliferation of right-wing political movements are challenges confronting all of Europe. This book provides a conceptual framework for comparing right-wing radicalism in Europe and offers country-specific data on the right-wing radicalism and extremism. It constitutes a solid base of knowledge on the current situation in ten European countries (Austria, Belgium, Denmark, France, Hungary, Italy, The Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom). Key topics include the success stories of right-wing radical political parties, the strength of their movements, the existence of sub-cultural milieus of the radical right and of corresponding factors that influence the rise of the radical right in Europe.
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A Transatlantic Experience The book describes the transatlantic experience of migrants from Imperial Austria and the Kingdom of Hungary who arrived in the US from the middle of the nineteenth century up to the outbreak of WWI. Traditional assumptions of mass migration - such as the rapid and easy Americanization of newly arriving Europeans, as well as their strong desire of retaining as much of native culture as possible - have been challenged by recent historical studies. Multiethnic Groups The socio-economic, demographic, and cultural analyses presented in this book offer a much more differentiated picture of the migrants who struggled for new living space amidst hostile industrial environments. This study breaks new ground by examining migration broadly between the Habsburg Monarchy and North America and return migration to Central Europe, including the study of a variety of ethnic and religious groups who originated in different regions. This book offers a scientific investigation of the circumstances under which Austro-Hungarians migrated to the United States in order to find new opportunities while trying to keep up their traditional values.
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Timbres Anciens D'Autriche.tous différents, Tb États,
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<p>Over the past 20 years, the increased dominance in banking of the shareholder ownership model, whose main purpose is to maximize financial returns for shareholders, has proved to be a toxic combination with the financial deregulation the sector has undergone, the creation of new financial instruments and the concomitant rising levels of debt. Despite the growing role of private limited-liability banks around the world, co-operative banking still offers a compelling alternative, especially in Europe where the roots of co-operative institutions date back to the nineteenth century.</p> <p>This book studies the characteristics of different co-operative banking models of networks across several European countries to assess their impact on the profitability and resilience of the networks and their co-operative components. To date, empirical studies have neglected to examine the features of the networks to which co-operative banks belong. Surprisingly, there is little evidence on the extent to which the diverse organizational network structures determine differences in the profits and stability of  individual banks and their networks across different countries. The principal objective of this book is to fill this gap in the literature. The European countries considered are Austria, Finland, France, Germany, Italy and the Netherlands. In these countries, co-operative banks constitute a significant presence although the organizational forms their networks take are quite different. Focusing on this sample of European countries therefore affords insights and reveals policy implications about the role that network organizations play in driving the performances of co-operative banks, which will be of interest to academics, researchers, and students of banking and financial institutions.</p> <p></p>
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ÖSTERREICH 1850 2kr, schwarz, MP, Type III. b, Kw:110, -! STRAKOSCH Befund!
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