On the Importance of Civil Disobedience is an essay by American transcendentalist Henry David Thoreau that was first published in 1849. In it, Thoreau argues that individuals should not permit governments to overrule or atrophy their consciences, and that they have a duty to avoid allowing such acquiescence to enable the government to make them the agents of injustice. Thoreau was motivated in part by his disgust with slavery and the Mexican–American War (1846–1848). Thoreau asserts that because governments are typically more harmful than helpful, they therefore cannot be justified. Democracy is no cure for this, as majorities simply by virtue of being majorities do not also gain the virtues of wisdom and justice. The judgment of an individual's conscience is not necessarily inferior to the decisions of a political body or majority, and so "it is not desirable to cultivate a respect for the law, so much as for the right. The only obligation which I have a right to assume is to do at any time what I think right.... Law never made men a whit more just; and, by means of their respect for it, even the well-disposed are daily made the agents of injustice." He adds, "I cannot for an instant recognize as my government [that] which is the slave's government also." The government, according to Thoreau, is not just a little corrupt or unjust in the course of doing its otherwise-important work, but in fact the government is primarily an agent of corruption and injustice. Because of this, it is "not too soon for honest men to rebel and revolutionize." Political philosophers have counseled caution about revolution because the upheaval of revolution typically causes a lot of expense and suffering. Thoreau contends that such a cost/benefit analysis is inappropriate when the government is actively facilitating an injustice as extreme as slavery. Such a fundamental immorality justifies any difficulty or expense to bring to an end.
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The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire is a book of history written by the English historian Edward Gibbon, which traces the trajectory of Western civilization (as well as the Islamic and Mongolian conquests) from the height of the Roman Empire to the fall of Byzantium. It was published in six volumes. Volume I was published in 1776 and went through six printings. Volumes II and III were published in 1781; volumes IV, V, and VI in 1788–89. The original volumes were published in quarto sections, a common publishing practice of the time. The work covers the history, from 98 to 1590, of the Roman Empire, the history of early Christianity and then of the Roman State Church, and the history of Europe, and discusses the decline of the Roman Empire in the East and West. Because of its relative objectivity and heavy use of primary sources, unusual at the time, its methodology became a model for later historians. This led to Gibbon being called the first "modern historian of ancient Rome". Gibbon offers an explanation for the fall of the Roman Empire, a task made difficult by a lack of comprehensive written sources, though he was not the only historian to attempt the task. According to Gibbon, the Roman Empire succumbed to barbarian invasions in large part due to the gradual loss of civic virtue among its citizens. They had become weak, outsourcing their duty to defend their empire to barbarian mercenaries, who then became so numerous and ingrained that they were able to take over the Empire. Romans, he believed, were unwilling to live a tougher, military lifestyle. In addition, Gibbon argued that Christianity created a belief that a better life existed after death, which fostered an indifference to the present among Roman citizens, thus sapping their desire to sacrifice for a larger purpose. He also believed that Christianity's comparative pacifism tended to hamper the traditional Roman martial spirit.
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The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire is a book of history written by the English historian Edward Gibbon, which traces the trajectory of Western civilization (as well as the Islamic and Mongolian conquests) from the height of the Roman Empire to the fall of Byzantium. It was published in six volumes. Volume I was published in 1776 and went through six printings. Volumes II and III were published in 1781; volumes IV, V, and VI in 1788–89. The original volumes were published in quarto sections, a common publishing practice of the time. The work covers the history, from 98 to 1590, of the Roman Empire, the history of early Christianity and then of the Roman State Church, and the history of Europe, and discusses the decline of the Roman Empire in the East and West. Because of its relative objectivity and heavy use of primary sources, unusual at the time, its methodology became a model for later historians. This led to Gibbon being called the first "modern historian of ancient Rome". Gibbon offers an explanation for the fall of the Roman Empire, a task made difficult by a lack of comprehensive written sources, though he was not the only historian to attempt the task. According to Gibbon, the Roman Empire succumbed to barbarian invasions in large part due to the gradual loss of civic virtue among its citizens. They had become weak, outsourcing their duty to defend their empire to barbarian mercenaries, who then became so numerous and ingrained that they were able to take over the Empire. Romans, he believed, were unwilling to live a tougher, military lifestyle. In addition, Gibbon argued that Christianity created a belief that a better life existed after death, which fostered an indifference to the present among Roman citizens, thus sapping their desire to sacrifice for a larger purpose. He also believed that Christianity's comparative pacifism tended to hamper the traditional Roman martial spirit.
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The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire is a book of history written by the English historian Edward Gibbon, which traces the trajectory of Western civilization (as well as the Islamic and Mongolian conquests) from the height of the Roman Empire to the fall of Byzantium. It was published in six volumes. Volume I was published in 1776 and went through six printings. Volumes II and III were published in 1781; volumes IV, V, and VI in 1788–89. The original volumes were published in quarto sections, a common publishing practice of the time. The work covers the history, from 98 to 1590, of the Roman Empire, the history of early Christianity and then of the Roman State Church, and the history of Europe, and discusses the decline of the Roman Empire in the East and West. Because of its relative objectivity and heavy use of primary sources, unusual at the time, its methodology became a model for later historians. This led to Gibbon being called the first "modern historian of ancient Rome". Gibbon offers an explanation for the fall of the Roman Empire, a task made difficult by a lack of comprehensive written sources, though he was not the only historian to attempt the task. According to Gibbon, the Roman Empire succumbed to barbarian invasions in large part due to the gradual loss of civic virtue among its citizens. They had become weak, outsourcing their duty to defend their empire to barbarian mercenaries, who then became so numerous and ingrained that they were able to take over the Empire. Romans, he believed, were unwilling to live a tougher, military lifestyle. In addition, Gibbon argued that Christianity created a belief that a better life existed after death, which fostered an indifference to the present among Roman citizens, thus sapping their desire to sacrifice for a larger purpose. He also believed that Christianity's comparative pacifism tended to hamper the traditional Roman martial spirit.
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Hatten unsere Ur(ur)großeltern Humor? Finden Sie's heraus! Eine Sammlung humoristischer Geschichten aus der Epoche des Jugendstils. Sie finden hier u. a.: Heinrich Bredow: Der Weg zur Ehe Sein Freund Reimers Eva Gräfin v. Baudissin: Die Kündigung Eine Hauptdelikatesse Ludwig Thoma: Der Vertrag Der Klient Ernst v. Wolzogen: Der Blüthner-Flügel und viele mehr.
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Die große Sammlung klassischer Krimis, Spukgeschichten und anderer seltsamer Berichte ... Inhalte: Kriminalerzählungen und Detektivgeschichten Der Doppelmord in der Rue Morgue Von Edgar Allan Poe Das Wundermädchen aus der Schifferstraße Nach dem Neuen Pitaval von J. G. Hitzig und Willibald Alexis Das verschwundene Schriftstück Von Wilkie Collins Die sechs Napoleonbüsten Eine Sherlock-Holmes-Geschichte von A. Conan Doyle Der Sachverständige Von Paul Bourget Der Abdruck der Hand Von Maurice Level Die Zigarrenspitze mit dem Drachenkopf Von Hugo Falk Im Gerichtssaal Von Selma Lagerlöf Spachtel-Stores Von Dietrich Theden Ein Abenteuer in Venedig Von Bruno Frank Varieté Von Alexander Castell Spukgestalten und Phantasiegebilde Der Sandmann Von E. T. A. Hoffmann Pique-Dame Von Alexander Puschkin Das Miserere Von Gustavo Adolfo Becquer Der Untergang des Carnatic Von A. J. Mordtmann Wer weiß! Von Guy de Maupassant Das weiße Tier Von Georg von der Gabelentz Die tote Schwadron Don François de Nion Meine selbsterlebte, wahre Geistergeschichte Von Rudyard Kipling Ein moderner Geist Von Frédéric Boutet Die Unbekannte Von Villiers de l'Isle-Adam Utopien und Grotesken Eine Idee des Doktor Ox Von Jules Verne Eine Stimme aus dem Jenseits u. v. m...
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Das leitende Thema dieses Bandes ist die in den 1970er Jahren in der Bibelwissenschaft einsetzende soziale und kulturelle Wende (social and cultural turn). Sie stellt eine der wichtigsten Innovationen der wissenschaftlichen Erforschung des Alten und Neuen Testaments im 20. und beginnenden 21. Jahrhundert dar. Der einseitig auf theologische Ideen und herausragende Individuen verengte Fokus der traditionellen Exegese wird bewusst geweitet. Die biblischen Texte werden in ihren sozialen, ökonomischen, politischen und kulturellen Kontexten gedeutet, durch die sie geprägt wurden. Die sozialwissenschaftliche Bibelauslegung ermöglicht so ein vertieftes Verständnis zahlreicher biblischer Aussagen. In den einzelnen Beiträgen zu Themen und Texten v. a. des Neuen Testaments zeigen international führende VertreterInnen dieser Forschungsrichtung die Leistungsfähigkeit dieser Methodik, wobei sowohl soziologische und sozialgeschichtliche als auch ethnologische und kulturanthropologische Zugänge vorgestellt werden.
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<p><span id="description" class=" mceSimple vtip" title="">Najstarsze chińskie opowieści podróżnicze: pierwsza (z V w.n.e.) mnicha buddyjskiego Fa-hiena, który przebył pieszo pustynie Azji Środkowej, Hindukusz, Indie i morzem dotarł na Cejlon i Jawę, oraz druga - z podóży do Udjany i Gandhary w latach 518-522.</span></p>
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